Maternal and fetal outcome in pregnancy with sickle cell disease in third trimester in central India: A retrospective study

Abstract

Sickle cell disease is an uncommon cause of anaemia and jaundice during pregnancy. However, SCD is common in parts of Maharashtra especially Vidarbha region. SCD in pregnancy cancause various maternal and fetal complications. This study was conducted to know maternal and fetal outcome in pregnancy with sickle cell disease in third trimester.

Methodology:This retrospective data was collected from hospital records of medical college located in central India for the period of one and half year from November 2019 toJanuary 2021. During the study period, 42 women were admitted with pregnancy with sickle cell disease in third trimester. The baseline characteristics, frequency of sickle haemoglobin variants, and maternal and foetal outcome of pregnancy was collected.

Results:compiled data was analysed by simple descriptive statistics and frequency tables.Majority were primigravida (59.52%). Type of sickle cell was determined on the basis of hb electrophoresis, out of 42 patients 36 had AS pattern, 5 had SS pattern SCD and 1 had As+bthal minor. Most common medical complication was anaemia [73.80%]and UTI 26.19%. Most common adverse obstetric outcome observed were IUGR/Oligohydramnios 42.85% and pre-eclampsia 21.42%. Majority of patients delivered by LSCS 42.85%. Adverse outcome in fetus were fetal distress 45.23% and meconium-stained amniotic fluid 42.86%.

Discussion: Due to haematological changes, extra demands, and sickle crisis, complications in both mother and fetus are more common in sickle cell anaemia.

Conclusions: Early detection and management of sickle cell anaemia during pregnancy can reduce the adverse outcome in both mother and baby.